Charles Proxy is one of the most well known SSL debugging tools. Charles has got us out of a bunch of jams before, and we've always kept this around for when we need it:
Apr 26, 2018 Download Wireshark 2.6.0. Capture and analyze data packets from any network. Wireshark is a protocol analyzer based on pcap libraries and usually used to check nets and develop net applications. When we use it we find a big versatility which makes it to support more than 480 different protocols, furthermore. Wireshark is the world's foremost network protocol analyzer, and is the de facto (and often de jure) standard across many industries and educational. Wireshark (Mac) 0.99.5.
However:
These drawbacks don't stop Charles from being a useful piece of software, and we'll keep Charles around. Apple boot camp support software for mac. However if you just want to see the unencrypted contents of your SSL traffic from a web browsing session, and if that browser is Chrome or Firefox, there's a simpler solution.
You can enable one environment variable to capture SSL traffic with Wireshark 2 and Chrome/Firefox
Wireshark 2 was just released. It has an OS X native UI. Best of all you can use it in conjunction with Chrome or Firefox to inspect SSL traffic incredibly easily.
Got a copy? Let's go:
Start capturing packets
Replace
en0 with your network interface as reported by ifconfig (OS X) or ip addr (Linux).
Make your browser save session keys
Stop any existing instances of Chrome or Firefox (whichever you're intending to use).
Then open a Terminal and run the following:
Start either Chrome or Firefox:
Browse to an https:// URL. It will start creating the session-key.log file.
If you like, you can watch it in a terminal:
https://moodtree618.weebly.com/dmg-items-for-udyr.html. If you're interested, the session key format is documented at Mozilla:
View the capture using the session key to show the encrypted contents
Open the .pcap file and visit Wireshark > Preferences. Under Protocols, scroll down to SSL and load the file. Portable hard drive for mac argos. You can skip to just the https parts with the following filter:
And a specific host with:
To look at a particular TCP session, right click on any of the entries and choose to “Follow SSL Stream”.
Conclusion
We hope you'll find the session keys method shown here is as useful as we do. You will probably want to keep Charles around for apps like wget and curl. That said, if the reason you're using wget or curl is to test a REST API, consider Postman: it's a Chrome app, so uses Chrome session keys. It's more REST-focused so you'll spend more time testing and less reading a manual page.
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Category: Unit 42
Tags: tutorial, Wireshark
This post is also available in: 日本語 (Japanese)
When a host is infected or otherwise compromised, security professionals need to quickly review packet captures (pcaps) of suspicious network traffic to identify affected hosts and users.
This tutorial offers tips on how to gather that pcap data using Wireshark, the widely used network protocol analysis tool. It assumes you understand network traffic fundamentals and will use these pcaps of IPv4 traffic to cover retrieval of four types of data:
Host Information from DHCP Traffic
Any host generating traffic within your network should have three identifiers: a MAC address, an IP address, and a hostname.
In most cases, alerts for suspicious activity are based on IP addresses. If you have access to full packet capture of your network traffic, a pcap retrieved on an internal IP address should reveal an associated MAC address and hostname.
How do we find such host information using Wireshark? We filter on two types of activity: DHCP or NBNS. DHCP traffic can help identify hosts for almost any type of computer connected to your network. NBNS traffic is generated primarily by computers running Microsoft Windows or Apple hosts running MacOS.
The first pcap for this tutorial, host-and-user-ID-pcap-01.pcap, is available here. This pcap is for an internal IP address at 172.16.1[.]207. Open the pcap in Wireshark and filter on bootp Daylight savings time 2018 and outlook for mac 16. as shown in Figure 1. This filter should reveal the DHCP traffic.
Note: With Wireshark 3.0, you must use the search term dhcp instead of bootp.
Figure 1: Filtering on DHCP traffic in Wireshark
Select one of the frames that shows DHCP Request in the info column. Go to the frame details section and expand the line for Bootstrap Protocol (Request) as shown in Figure 2. Expand the lines for Client Identifier and Host Name as indicated in Figure 3. Client Identifier details should reveal the MAC address assigned to 172.16.1[.]207, and Host Name details should reveal a hostname.
Figure 2: Expanding Bootstrap Protocol line from a DHCP request
Figure 3: Finding the MAC address and hostname in a DHCP request
In this case, the hostname for 172.16.1[.]207 is Rogers-iPad and the MAC address is 7c:6d:62:d2:e3:4f. This MAC address is assigned to Apple. Based on the hostname, this device is likely an iPad, but we cannot confirm solely on the hostname.
We can easily correlate the MAC address and IP address for any frame with 172.16.1[.]207 as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4: Correlating the MAC address with the IP address from any frame
Host Information from NBNS Traffic
Depending on how frequently a DHCP lease is renewed, you might not have DHCP traffic in your pcap. Fortunately, we can use NBNS traffic to identify hostnames for computers running Microsoft Windows or Apple hosts running MacOS.
The second pcap for this tutorial, host-and-user-ID-pcap-02.pcap, is available here. This pcap is from a Windows host using an internal IP address at 10.2.4[.]101. Open the pcap in Wireshark and filter on nbns. This should reveal the NBNS traffic. Select the first frame, and you can quickly correlate the IP address with a MAC address and hostname as shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5: Correlating hostname with IP and MAC address using NBNS traffic
The frame details section also shows the hostname assigned to an IP address as shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6: Frame details for NBNS traffic showing the hostname assigned to an IP address
Device Models and Operating Systems from HTTP Traffic
User-agent strings from headers in HTTP traffic can reveal the operating system. If the HTTP traffic is from an Android device, you might also determine the manufacturer and model of the device.
The third pcap for this tutorial, host-and-user-ID-pcap-03.pcap, is available here. This pcap is from a Windows host using an internal IP address at 192.168.1[.]97. Open the pcap in Wireshark and filter on http.request and !(ssdp). Select the second frame, which is the first HTTP request to www.ucla[.]edu, and follow the TCP stream as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7: Following the TCP stream for an HTTP request in the third pcap
This TCP stream has HTTP request headers as shown in Figure 8. The User-Agent line represents Google Chrome web browser version 72.0.3626[.]81 running on Microsoft’s Windows 7 x64 operating system.
Figure 8: The User-Agent line for a Windows 7 x64 host using Google Chrome
Note the following string in the User-Agent line from Figure 8:
(Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64)
Windows NT 6.1 represents Windows 7. For User-Agent lines, Windows NT strings represent the following versions of Microsoft Windows as shown below:
With HTTP-based web browsing traffic from a Windows host, you can determine the operating system and browser. The same type of traffic from Android devices can reveal the brand name and model of the device.
The fourth pcap for this tutorial, host-and-user-ID-pcap-04.pcap, is available here. This pcap is from an Android host using an internal IP address at 172.16.4.119. Open the pcap in Wireshark and filter on http.request. Select the second frame, which is the HTTP request to www.google[.]com for /blank.html. Follow the TCP stream as shown in Figure 9.
Figure 9: Following the TCP stream for an HTTP request in the fourth pcap Top games for mac.
Figure 10: The User-Agent line for an Android host using Google Chrome
The User-Agent line in Figure 10 shows Android 7.1.2 which is an older version of the Android operating system released in April 2017. LM-X210APM represents a model number for this Android device. A quick Google search reveals this model is an LG Phoenix 4 Android smartphone.
The User-Agent line for HTTP traffic from an iPhone or other Apple mobile device will give you the operating system, and it will give you the type of device. However, it will not give you a model. We can only determine if the Apple device is an iPhone, iPad, or iPod. We cannot determine the model.
The fifth pcap for this tutorial, host-and-user-ID-pcap-05.pcap, is available here. This pcap is from an iPhone host using an internal IP address at 10.0.0[.]114. Open the pcap in Wireshark and filter on http.request. Select the frame for the first HTTP request to web.mta[.]info and follow the TCP stream as shown in Figure 11.
Figure 11: Following the TCP stream for an HTTP request in the fifth pcap
In Figure 12, the User-Agent line shows (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 12_1_3 like Mac OS X). This indicates the Apple device is an iPhone, and it is running iOS 12.1.3.
Figure 12: The User-Agent line for an iPhone using Safari
A final note about HTTP traffic and User-Agent strings: not all HTTP activity is web browsing traffic. https://renewagro180.weebly.com/robin-cook-host-pdf-download.html. Some HTTP requests will not reveal a browser or operating system. When you search through traffic to identify a host, you might have to try several different HTTP requests before finding web browser traffic.
Since more websites are using HTTPS, this method of host identification can be difficult. HTTP headers and content are not visible in HTTPS traffic. However, for those lucky enough to find HTTP web-browsing traffic during their investigation, this method can provide more information about a host.
Windows User Account from Kerberos Traffic
For Windows hosts in an Active Directory (AD) environment, we can find user account names in from Kerberos traffic.
The sixth pcap for this tutorial, host-and-user-ID-pcap-06.pcap, is available here. This pcap is from a Windows host in the following AD environment:
Open the pcap in Wireshark and filter on kerberos.CNameString. Select the first frame. Go to the frame details section and expand lines as shown in Figure 13. Select the line with CNameString: johnson-pc$ and apply it as a column.
Figure 13: Finding the CNameString value and applying it as a column
Wireshark For Windows 10
This should create a new column titled CNameString. Scroll down to the last frames in the column display. You should find a user account name for theresa.johnson in traffic between the domain controller at 172.16.8[.]8 and the Windows client at 172.16.8[.]201 as shown in Figure 14.
Figure 14: Finding the Windows user account name
CNameString values for hostnames always end with a $ (dollar sign), while user account names do not. To filter on user account names, use the following Wireshark expression to eliminate CNameString results with a dollar sign:
kerberos.CNameString and !(kerberos.CNameString contains $)
Summary
Proper identification of hosts and users from network traffic is essential when reporting malicious activity in your network. Zoombinis mountain rescue download. Using the methods from this tutorial, we can better utilize Wireshark to help us identify affected hosts and users.
For more help using Wireshark, please see our previous tutorials:
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